International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 61, Issue 4 , Pages 1107-1116 , 15 March 2005

Treatment results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the modern era: The Hong Kong experience

  • Anne W.M. Lee, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Anne W. M. Lee, F.R.C.R., Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China. Tel: (+852) 25954173; Fax: (+852) 29045216
    • ,
  • W.M. Sze, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Joseph S.K. Au, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • S.F. Leung, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • T.W. Leung, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Daniel T.T. Chua, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Benny C.Y. Zee, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Stephen C.K. Law, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Peter M.L. Teo, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Stewart Y. Tung, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Dora L.W. Kwong, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • W.H. Lau, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China

Received 31 March 2004 ,Revised 12 July 2004 ,Accepted 13 July 2004.

References 

  1. Godtfredsen E . Ophthalmologic and neurologic symptoms of malignant nasopharyngeal tumors: A clinical study comprising 454 cases, with special reference to histopathology and possibility of earlier recognition . Acta Psych Scand . 1944;34:1–32
  2. Jackson C . Primary carcinoma of the nasopharynx: A table of cases . JAMA . 1901;37:371–377
  3. Bosworth FH . A treatise on diseases of the nose and throat. Vol 1 . New York: William Wood and Coy; 1889; p. 56–58.
  4. New GB . Syndrome of malignant tumors of the nasopharynx: A report of 79 cases . JAMA . 1922;79:10–14
  5. Mekie DEC , Lawley M . Nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Arch Surg . 1954;69:841–848
  6. Moss WT . Therapeutic radiology . 2nd ed.. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1965; p. 142–180.
  7. Lee AWM , Poon YF , Foo W , et al.  Retrospective analysis of 5037 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976–1985: Overall survival and patterns of failure . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1992;23:261–270
  8. Geara FB , Sanguinetti G , Tucker SL , et al.  Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy alone: Determinants of distant metastasis and survival . Radiother Oncol . 1997;43:53–61
  9. Fleming ID , Cooper JS , Henson DE , et al.  American Joint Committee on Cancer: AJCC cancer staging manual . 5th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;
  10. Sobin LH , Wittekind  . International Union Against Cancer (UICC): TNM classification of malignant tumors . 5th ed.. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1997;
  11. Ho JHC . Nasopharynx . In:  Halnan KE ,  Boak JL ,  Crowther D , et al. editor. Treatment of cancer . London: Chapman and Hall; 1982;p. 249–267
  12. Al-Sarraf M , LeBlanc M , Giri PGS , et al.  Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: Phase III randomized Intergroup Study 0099 . J Clin Oncol . 1998;16:1310–1317
  13. Kaplan EL , Meier P . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations . J Am Statist Assoc . 1958;53:457–481
  14. Peto R , Pike MC , Armitage P , et al.  Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient . Br J Cancer . 1977;35:1–39
  15. Cox DR . Regression models and life tables . J Roy Stat Soc B . 1972;34:187–220
  16. Parkin DM , Whelan SL , Ferlay J , et al.  Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol 8 . Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications Number 155; 2002; p. 534–536.
  17. Lee AWM , Foo W , Mang O , et al.  Changing epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong over a 20-year period (1980–99): An encouraging reduction in both incidence and mortality . Int J Cancer . 2003;103:680–685
  18. Beahrs O , Henson DE , Hutter RVP , et al.  American Joint Committee on Cancer: Manual for staging of cancer . 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1992;
  19. Hermanek P , Sobin LH . International Union Against Cancer (UICC): TNM classification of malignant tumors . 4th ed.. New York: Springer; 1992;
  20. Cooper JS , Cohen R , Stevens RE . A comparison of staging systems for nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Cancer . 1998;83:213–219
  21. Hong MH , Mai HQ , Min HQ , et al.  A comparison of the Chinese 1992 and fifth-edition International Union Against Cancer staging systems for staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Cancer . 2000;89:242–247
  22. Heng DMK , Wee J , Fong KW , et al.  Prognostic factors in 677 patients in Singapore with nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Cancer . 1999;86:1912–1920
  23. Ma J , Mai HQ , Hong MH , et al.  Is the 1997 AJCC staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognostically useful for Chinese patient population? . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2001;50:1181–1189
  24. Lee AWM , Foo W , Law SCK , et al.  Staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: From Ho's to the new UICC system . Int J Cancer . 1999;84:179–187
  25. Au JSK , Law CK , Foo W , et al.  In-depth evaluation of the AJCC/UICC 1997 staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Prognostic homogeneity and proposed refinements . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2003;56:413–426
  26. Chua DTT , Sham JST , Wei WI , et al.  The predictive value of the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer stage classification in determining failure patterns in nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Cancer . 2001;92:2845–2855
  27. Ng SH , Chang TC , Ko SF . Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment . Neuroradiology . 1997;3910:741–746
  28. Kao CH , Hsieh JF , Tsai SC , et al.  Comparison of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography in detection of cervical lymph node metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Ann Otol Larynol . 2000;109:1130–1134
  29. Ng SH, Chang JTC, Chan SC, et al. Nodal metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Pattern of disease on MRI and FDG PET. Eur J Nuclear Med Molec Imag 2004;31:1073–1080.
  30. Lee N , Xia P , Quivey JM , et al.  Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update of the UCSF experience . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2002;53:12–22
  31. Le QT , Tate D , Koong A , et al.  Improved local control with stereotactic radiosurgical boost in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2003;56:1046–1054
  32. Riskin D , Corry J , Smith J , et al.  Excellent disease control and survival in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiation . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:1845–1852
  33. International Nasopharynx Cancer Study Group . VUMCA I Trial (Preliminary results of a randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, epirubicin, bleomycin) plus radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in stage IV (≥ N2, M0) undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A positive effect on progression-free survival) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1996;35:463–469
  34. Chua DTT , Sham JST , Choy D , et al.  Preliminary report of the Asian-Oceanian Clinical Oncology Association randomized trial comparing cisplatin and epirubicin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Cancer . 1998;83:2270–2283
  35. Ma J , Mai HG , Hong MH , et al.  Results of a prospective randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:1350–1357
  36. Chan ATC , Teo PML , Leung TWT , et al.  A prospective randomized study of chemotherapy adjunctive to definitive radiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1995;33:569–577
  37. Chi KH , Chang YC , Guo WY , et al.  A Phase III study of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2002;52:1238–1244
  38. Chan ATC , Teo PML , Ngan RK , et al.  Concurrent chemotherapy-radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Progression-free survival analysis of a phase III randomized trial . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:2038–2044
  39. Lin JC , Jan JS , Hsu CY , et al.  Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Positive effect on overall and progression-free survival . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:631–637

PII: S0360-3016(04)02098-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.702

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 61, Issue 4 , Pages 1107-1116 , 15 March 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution