International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 66, Issue 3 , Pages 654-662 , 1 November 2006

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy improves lymph node coverage and dose to critical structures compared with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer

Presented at the Forty Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), October 16–20, 2005, Denver, CO.

  • Alice Wang-Chesebro, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Alice Wang-Chesebro, M.D., University of California–San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1600 Divisadero Street, Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94115. Tel: (415) 353-7175; Fax: (415) 353-9883;
  • ,
  • Ping Xia, Ph.D.
  • ,
  • Joy Coleman, M.D.
  • ,
  • Clayton Akazawa, C.M.D.
  • ,
  • Mack Roach III, M.D.

Received 23 March 2006 ,Revised 8 May 2006 ,Accepted 23 May 2006.

References 

  1. Kestin L , Vicini F , Ziaja E , et al.   Defining biochemical cure for prostate carcinoma patients treated with external beam radiation therapy . Cancer . 1999;86:1557–1566
  2. Heidenrich A , Varga L , Von Knobloch R , et al.   Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis . J Urol . 2002;167:1681–1686
  3. Allaf M , Palapattu G , Trock B , et al.   Anatomical extent of lymph node dissection: impact on men with clinically localized prostate cancer . J Urol . 2004;172:1840–1844
  4. Golimbu M , Morales P , Al-Askari S , et al.   Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer . J Urol . 1979;121:617–620
  5. Murray S , Breau R , Guha A , et al.   Spread of prostate carcinoma to the perirectal lymph node basin . Am J Surg Pathol . 2004;28:1154–1162
  6. Cerny J , Farah R , Rian R , et al.   Evaluation of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate . J Urol . 1975;113:367–370
  7. Wawroschek F , Vogt H , Weckermann D , et al.   The sentinel lymph node concept in prostate cancer—first results of gamma probe-guided sentinel lymph node identification . Eur Urol . 1999;36:595–600
  8. Takashima H , Egawa M , Imao T , et al.   Validity of sentinel lymph node concept for patients with prostate cancer . J Urol . 2004;171:2268–2271
  9. Raghavaiah N , Jordan W . Prostatic lymphography . J Urol . 1979;121:178–1781
  10. Shih H , Harisinghani M , Zietman A , et al.   Mapping of nodal disease in locally advanced prostate cancer: rethinking the clinical target volume for pelvic nodal irradiation based on vascular rather than bony anatomy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2005;63:1262–1269
  11. Taylor A , Rockall A , Reznek R , et al.   Mapping pelvic lymph nodes: guidelines for delineation in intensity-modulated radiotherapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2005;63:1604–1612
  12. Roach M , DeSilvio M , Lawton C , et al.   Phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic versus prostate only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant versus adjuvant combined androgen suppression: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413 . JCO . 2003;21:1904–1911
  13. Roach M , DeSilvio M , Thomas J , et al.   Progression free survival after whole pelvic vs. “mini-pelvic” or prostate only radiotherapy (A subset analysis of RTOG 9413, a Phase III prospective randomized trial using neoadjuvant and concurrent hormone therapy) . [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;60:S264
  14. Ashman JB , Zelefsky MJ , Hunt MS , et al.   Whole pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer using 3D conformal and intensity modulated radiotherapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2005;63:765–771
  15. Cavey ML , Bayouth JE , Colman M , et al.   IMRT to escalate the dose to the prostate while treating the pelvic nodes . Strahlenther Onkol . 2005;181:431–441
  16. Sanguineti G , Cavey ML , Endres EJ , et al.   Is IMRT needed to spare the rectum when pelvic lymph nodes are part of the initial treatment volume for prostate cancer? . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2006;64:151–160
  17. Roach M , Marquez C , Yuo HS , et al.   Predicting the risk of lymph node involvement using the pre-treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score in men with clinically localized prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1994;28:33–37
  18. Roach M , Chen A , Song J , et al.   Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score predict the risk of extracapsular extension and the risk of failure following radiotherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer . Semin Urol Oncol . 2000;18:108–114
  19. Pinkawa M , Fischedik K , Asadpour B , et al.   Low-grade toxicity after conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer impact of bladder volume . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2006;64:835–841
  20. Peeters S , Lebesque JV , Heemsbergen WD , et al.   Localized volume effects for late rectal and anal toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2006;64:1151–1161
  21. Cozzarini C , Fiorino C , Ceresoli GH , et al.   Significant correlation between rectal DVH and late bleeding in patients treated after radical prostatectomy with conformal or conventional radiotherapy (66.60–70.2 Gy) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2003;55:688–694
  22. Fiorino C , Cozzarini C , Vavassori V , et al.   Relationships between DVH’s and late rectal bleeding after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: analysis of a large group of patients pooled from three institutions . Radiother Oncol . 2002;64:1–12
  23. Greco C , Mazzetta C , Cattani F , et al.   Finding dose-volume constraints to reduce late rectal toxicity following 3D-CRT of prostate cancer . Radiother Oncol . 2003;69:215–222
  24. Huang EH , Pollack A , Levy L , et al.   Late rectal toxicity: dose-volume effects of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2002;54:1314–1321
  25. Jackson A , Schwarchuck MW , Zelefsky MJ , et al.   Late rectal bleeding after conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer; volume effects and dose-volume histograms . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2001;49:685–698
  26. Koper PC , Heemsbergen WD , Hoogeman MS , et al.   Impact of volume and location of irradiated rectum wall on rectal blood volume and location of irradiated rectum wall on rectal blood loss after radiotherapy of prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;58:1072–1082
  27. Koper PC , Heemsbergen WD , Hoogeman MS , et al.   Gastrointestinal and genitourinary morbidity after 3D conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer: observations of a randomized trial . Radiother Oncol . 2004;73:1–9
  28. Kupelian PA , Reddy CA , Carlson TP , et al.   Dose/volume relationship of late rectal bleeding after external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: absolute or relative rectal volume? . Cancer J . 2002;8:62–66
  29. Michalski JM , Purdy JA , Winter K , et al.   Preliminary report of toxicity following 3D radiation therapy for prostate cancer of 3DOB/RTOG 9406 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2000;46:391–402
  30. Pollack A , Zagars GK , Starkschall G , et al.   Prostate cancer radiation dose response: results of the MD Anderson phase III randomized trial . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2002;53:1097–1105
  31. Skwarchuk MAW , Jackson A , Zeletsky MJ , et al.   Late rectal toxicity after conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer: multivariate analysis and dose-response . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2000;47:103–113
  32. Storey MR , Pollack A , Zagars G , et al.   Complications for radiotherapy dose escalation in prostate cancer; preliminary results of a randomized trial . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2000;48:635–642
  33. Vargas C , Martinez A , Kestin L , et al.   Dose volume analysis of predictors for chronic rectal toxicity after treatment of prostate cancer with adaptive image-guided radiotherapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2005;62:1297–1308
  34. Wachter S , Gerstner N , Goldner G , et al.   Rectal sequelae after conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer: dose-volume histograms as predictive factors . Radiother Oncol . 2001;59:65–70
  35. Zapatero A , Garcia-Vicente F , Modolell I , et al.   Impact of mean rectal dose on late rectal bleeding after conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: dose–volume effect . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;59:1343–1351
  36. Roach M , Winter K , Michalski JM , et al.   Penile bulb dose and impotence after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer on RTOG 9406: findings from a prospective, multi-institutional phase I/II dose escalation study . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;60:1351–1356
  37. Wernicke AG , Valicenti R , Dieva K , et al.   Radiation dose delivered to the proximal penis as a predictor of the risk of erectile dysfunction after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;60:1357–1363
  38. Roeske JC , Forman JD , Mesina CF , et al.   Evaluation of changes in the size and location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum during a course of external beam radiation therapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1995;33:1321–1329
  39. Stroom J , Koper PC , Korevaar GA , et al.   Internal organ motion in prostate cancer patients treated in prone and supine treatment position . Radiother Oncol . 1999;51:237–248
  40. Fiorino C , Foppiano F , Franzone P , et al.   Rectal and bladder motion during conformal radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy . Radiother Oncol . 2005;74:187–195
  41. Hoogeman MS , Van Herk M , de Bois J , et al.   Strategies to reduce the systematic error due to tumor and rectum motion in radiotherapy of prostate cancer . Radiother Oncol . 2005;74:177–185

PII: S0360-3016(06)00953-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.05.037

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 66, Issue 3 , Pages 654-662 , 1 November 2006