International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 76, Issue 3 , Pages 735-740 , 1 March 2010

Salvage Radiotherapy for Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Dose–Response Analysis

  • Johnny Ray Bernard Jr., M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
    • ,
  • Steven J. Buskirk, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Steven J. Buskirk, M.D., Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224.
    • ,
  • Michael G. Heckman, M.S.

      Affiliations

    • Biostatistics Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
    • ,
  • Nancy N. Diehl, B.S.

      Affiliations

    • Biostatistics Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
    • ,
  • Stephen J. Ko, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
    • ,
  • Orlan K. Macdonald, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Steven E. Schild, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
    • ,
  • Thomas M. Pisansky, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

Received 21 January 2009 ,Accepted 16 February 2009.

References 

  1. Kuban DA, Tucker SL, Dong L, et al. Long-term results of the M.D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70:67–74
  2. Zietman AL, DeSilvio ML, Slater JD, et al. Comparison of conventional-dose vs high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;294:1233–1239Erratum in: JAMA 2008;299:899–900
  3. Al-Mamgani A, van Putten WL, Heemsbergen WD, et al. Update of Dutch multicenter dose-escalation trial of radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72:980–988
  4. Sathya JR, Davis IR, Julian JA, et al. Randomized trial comparing iridium implant plus external-beam radiation therapy with external-beam radiation therapy alone in node-negative locally advanced cancer of the prostate. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:1192–1199
  5. Dearnaley DP, Sydes MR, Graham JD, et al. RT01 collaborators. Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer: First results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:475–487
  6. Vora SA, Wong WW, Schild SE, et al. Analysis of biochemical control and prognostic factors in patients treated with either low-dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1053–1058
  7. Swanson GP, Hussey MA, Tangen CM, et al. SWOG 8794. Predominant treatment failure in postprostatectomy patients is local: Analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG 8794. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2225–2229
  8. Trock BJ, Han M, Freedland SJ, et al. Prostate cancer-specific survival following salvage radiotherapy vs observation in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 2008;299:2760–2769
  9. Coen JJ, Zietman AL, Thakral H, et al. Radical radiation for localized prostate cancer: Local persistence of disease results in a late wave of metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:3199–3205
  10. Buskirk SJ, Pisansky TM, Schild SE, et al. Salvage radiotherapy for isolated prostate specific antigen increase after radical prostatectomy: Evaluation of prognostic factors and creation of a prognostic scoring system. J Urol. 2006;176:985–990
  11. Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW, et al. Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2035–2041Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4153
  12. Sella T, Schwartz LH, Swindle PW, et al. Suspected local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: Endorectal coil MR imaging. Radiology. 2004;231:379–385
  13. King CR, Kapp DS. Radiotherapy after prostatectomy: Is there evidence for dose escalation out there?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:346–350
  14. Buskirk SJ, Pisansky TM, Schild SE, et al. Salvage radiotherapy for rising prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: Dose response analysis. [abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;66(Suppl 1):S322
  15. Amling CL, Bergstralh EJ, Blute ML, et al. Defining prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy: What is the most appropriate cut point?. J Urol. 2001;165:1146–1151
  16. Valicenti RK, Gomella LG, Ismail M, et al. Effect of higher radiation dose on biochemical control after radical prostatectomy for PT3N0 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;42:501–506
  17. Anscher MS, Clough R, Dodge R. Radiotherapy for a rising prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: The first 10 years. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48:369–375
  18. Macdonald OK, Schild SE, Vora SA, et al. Radiotherapy for men with isolated increase in serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2003;170:1833–1837
  19. King CR, Spiotto MT. Improved outcomes with higher doses for salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:23–27
  20. Cox JD, Gallagher MJ, Hammond EH, et al. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. Consensus statements on radiation therapy of prostate cancer: Guidelines for prostate re-biopsy after radiation and for radiation therapy with rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:1155
  21. Anscher MS. Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy is more effective and less toxic than salvage radiotherapy for a rising prostate specific antigen. Int J Cancer. 2001;96:91–93
  22. Feng M, Hanlon AL, Pisansky TM, et al. Predictive factors for late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer treated with adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1417–1423
  23. Cozzarini C, Fiorino C, Ceresoli GL, et al. Significant correlation between rectal DVH and late bleeding in patients treated after radical prostatectomy with conformal or conventional radiotherapy (66.6-70.2 Gy). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:688–694
  24. Fonteyne V, De Neve W, Villeirs G, et al. Late radiotherapy-induced lower intestinal toxicity (RILIT) of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: The need for adapting toxicity scales and the appearance of the sigmoid colon as co-responsible organ for lower intestinal toxicity. Radiother Oncol. 2007;84:156–163
  25. Schiffner DC, Gottschalk AR, Lometti M, et al. Daily electronic portal imaging of implanted gold seed fiducials in patients undergoing radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67:610–619
  26. De Meerleer G, Fonteyne V, Meersschout S, et al. Salvage intensity-modulated radiotherapy for rising PSA after radical prostatectomy. Radiother Oncol. 2008;89:205–213

 Conflict of interest: none.

PII: S0360-3016(09)00347-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.049

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics
Volume 76, Issue 3 , Pages 735-740 , 1 March 2010

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